Genome-wide survey of SNP variation uncovers the genetic structure of cattle breeds. J. Anim. Sci. PLoS One 9, e94802 (2014). Accuracy of prediction of genomic breeding values for residual feed intake and carcass and meat quality traits in Bos taurus, Bos indicus, and composite beef cattle1. British breeds are suitable for generalpurpose production as well as both the dam side and sire side of a terminal cross, depending on the target market. However, signals for positive selection have previously been identified for the same genomic region in Pingzauer80. 2), with the strongest signals recorded on BTA18 and BTA7 (Supplementary Fig. Al Abri, M. A. et al. Article Breed. 6, 68 (2015). Milking potential is the genetic capability to produce milk. USP10 has been suggested to have a role in regulating gluconeogenesis69, a metabolic pathway involved in the formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors. which originated in India, are sometimes known as a separate species, Bos indicus. RFI seems to be a polygenic trait in both taurine and indicine cattle72. Publishers note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Out of the 18 genes included within this genomic region only three (H2AFY, NEUROG1, and CXCL14) were shared by all the Central Italian cattle breeds in the top 5% selection (Table2). The mystery of Etruscan origins: novel clues from Bos taurus mitochondrial DNA. Detection of selection signatures in Piemontese and Marchigiana cattle, two breeds with similar production aptitudes but different selection histories. Genet. Sci. 9, 2337 (2018). Revisiting demographic processes in cattle with genome-wide population genetic analysis. J. Hum. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles Human Genetic Data Reveal Contrasting Demographic Patterns between Sedentary and Nomadic Populations That Predate the Emergence of Farming. Am. European cattle diversity is generally dominated by taurine cattle, although elevated levels of indicine ancestry have been recorded in several breeds from southern Europe. With the exclusion of USP10 all of these genes have previously been associated with residual feed intake (RFI) in indicine cattle52. PLoS Genet. Szpiech, Z. However, Bos indicus cattle are also known for excitable temperaments, slower growth, and variation in meat quality characteristics. Breed labels are available in Table1. Genome Res. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to investigate the ordinal relationships between populations and individuals, using PLINK. Maternal use is appropriate, when nutrition is adequate, for the major breeds of this type to create females that are larger, more muscular, leaner, and heavier milking. In practical terms, reference choice is tricky, as recent demographic histories of the reference breeds can lead to confounding results46. 22, 486494 (1963). Here, we tested the presence of signatures of selection using the haplotype-based statistic nSL47 as implemented in the software Selscan v1.2.0a48. There is much genetic variation within functional types and breeds. Indicine ancestry, when evidenced, is shown in blue, pink and green, respectively, for each breed. Breeds such as Angus, Hereford and Charollais are some of the well-known . J. Anim. PubMed . S4). Are American Cows Different From European Cows? Bos indicus (also known as zebu or humped) cattle are heat tolerant and parasite resistant, which is advantageous in hot, humid climates. This work was partially supported by the Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan, Italy. Signature of selection analysis did not show any evident selective sweep in CW-7 (Supplementary Fig. Brahman Bull Since there are records of less than 300 imported Brahmans, mostly bulls, it is assumed that other breeds supplied the foundation animals for the Brahman breed. Here we combine local ancestry analysis and the CIWI framework and provide the first evidence for adaptive introgression of alleles of indicine-derived ancestry into Central Italian white cattle breeds. To investigate the putative Eastern or Western origin of the main introgression signals, additional LAI tests focusing on chromosomes 7 and 18 (BTA7 and BTA18, respectively) were performed on genotype data of seven additional breeds, including two cattle breeds from the Iberian peninsula (Cardena and Lidia), two from Central and Southern Italy (Maremmana and Podolica), and three from Eastern Europe and Balkans region (Busha, Romanian grey and Boskarin; Table1). We then tested the hypothesis of a possible African ancestry for these two signals using the PCAdmix/CIWI framework with both African taurine and indicine breeds as reference and targeting Chianina. Sci. Article volume10, Articlenumber:1279 (2020) Matukumalli, L. K. et al. Melleti, M. & Burton, J.) Makina, S. O. et al. Aim, C. et al. Hence, it is possible that Chianina large but slender body type provided a combination of draught, elegance, and heat-resistance features which over time promoted and maintained its morphology. Frame score, an objective measure of skeletal dimension used to estimate current and future body size, is discussed in Extension publication E-192, Texas Adapted Genetic Strategies for Beef CattleX: Frame Score and Weight. Belavadi, V., Nataraja Karaba, N. & Gangadharappa, N. Agriculture under climate change: Threats, strategies and policies. Sci 91, 30883104 (2013). . Natl. The aurochs (Bos primigenius) (/ r k s / or / a r k s /) is an extinct cattle species, considered to be the wild ancestor of modern domestic cattle. and E.-S.K. Microsatellite genotyping of medieval cattle from central Italy suggests an old origin of Chianina and Romagnola cattle. Recent technological advances allow affordable use of high-density DNA arrays able to scan several thousand genome-wide markers for all of the major livestock species26,27. Both genomic regions were identified as putatively introgressed in Maremmana and Podolica. Cattle are not native to the western hemisphere. 36, 283303 (2019). Muscle expression is inherent muscularity, independent of other body tissues. Muscling is the second most important factor in cutability. Posted on September 3, 2019 September 3, 2019 by beef-cattle. & Cooper, T. A. Maternal ability is unimportant in terminal sires because their heifers are not kept for replacements. Feeding high-energy rations starting early in life for extended periods generally increases marbling. Frisch, J. E. & Vercoe, J. E. Food intake, eating rate, weight gains, metabolic rate and efficiency of feed utilization in Bos taurus and Bos indicus crossbred cattle. CAS Currently, 50%-60% of cattle turned off are crossbred. Only $35.99/year Beef Cattle Breeds - British, European, Zebu Flashcards Learn Test Match Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by DaSmoosh Terms in this set (35) breed an animal that, through selection and breeding, have come to resemble one another and pass those traits uniformly to their offspring. Sci. Blood samples from 16 Chianina, 13 Marchigiana and 30 Romagnola individuals were provided by ANABIC Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Bovini Italiani Carne (http://www.anabic.it/). CAS Bos indicus/Bos taurus crosses - growth in different environments Further, selection signals overlapped with CIWI signals identified in BTA1 and BTA24 (Supplementary Fig. The current geographical distribution of Eurasian cattle breed ancestry reflects these migration paths, with taurine cattle populating Europe and Northern Asia, and indicine Southern Asia, respectively14,15,16,17,18, and different degrees of admixture of taurine and indicine lineages giving rise to African taurine, African zebu, and their crosses known as Sanga cattle19,20. 27, 16 (2010). american cuisine - What cattle do we get our "beef" from in the US We scrutinise local genomic introgression signals and identify genomic regions that have introgressed from indicine into taurine cattle under positive selection, harbouring genes with functions related to body size and feed efficiency. Results Classification and Breeds | Functional Traits | Breeds and Functional Types | Matching Levels | Using Functional Types. PubMed More stringently, 24 of these genes were found within the top 1% of CIWI scores in at least one of the three breeds, but none of them shared by all the three breeds (Table2). In the Admixture analysis, estimates of CV decreased with increasing values of K from 1 to 16, with the main separation between B. taurus and B. indicus at K=2 (Supplementary Fig. If needed, Continental Beef influence increases size, muscling, and leanness in females without elevating milk production. Proc. 118, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-017-0935-9 (2017). Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.29 to 0.32 for European taurine breeds and the two Central African Sanga (Ankole-Watussi, Nganda), whereas the Central African NDama recorded 0.24. Bos Taurus . British breeds, and Exotic breeds Bos Taurus can be classified into what two categories? PubMed Central Tang, H., Coram, M., Wang, P., Zhu, X. Sci. 79, 112 (2006). iCEV Basic Animal Science Flashcards - Learning tools, flashcards, and The three autochthonous Italian breeds remained in a joint Admixture cluster until K=4, but at higher values of K the divergence of Romagnola from Chianina and Marchigiana is apparent (Supplementary Figs. Genomic clues of the evolutionary history of Bos indicus cattle Beef - Wikipedia The Bos taurus in the United States originated in the British Isles and western continental Europe. J. Hum. Both genes are part of a four gene cluster associated with RFI52. 8, e1002641 (2012). Beef Cattle Flashcards - Learning tools, flashcards, and textbook solutions 9 (2018). 5, e1000686 (2009). Morphology has a relevant effect on the ability to adapt to different climates. Unlike most types, British Beef breeds can be logically straightbred for commercial production. R. Soc. To identify reference-independent signals of introgression we applied the CIWI-framework using Chianina, Marchigiana, and Romagnola as target populations. Appropriate functional levels can differ, depending on the breeding system implemented. . The strongest CIWI signal was recorded on BTA18 between 10.80 and 11.74Mb (CW-18), with the highest values recorded in Chianina (Supplementary Fig. J. Further, local ancestry analysis assigned indicine rather than African taurine ancestry to both genomic regions (Supplementary Fig. For a discussion of breed development, see another publication in this series, E-180, Texas Adapted Genetic Strategies for Beef CattleVI: Creating Breeds and Composites. (Allied Publishers Pvt. KIAA0513 and FAM92B were among those genes identified in Chianina when the top 1% threshold was applied for CIWIs selection (Table2). https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12770 (2019). We tested the two migration hypotheses using genotype data of seven cattle populations. Google Scholar. The Bos indicus group is used primarily to create hot-climate-adapted crossbred females with the highest levels of hybrid vigor and calving ease. Again, consult E-188, Texas Adapted Genetic Strategies for Beef CattleIII: Body Size and Milking Level. Genomewide association analysis of growth traits in Charolais beef cattle1. The history and geography of human genes. Alberto, F. J. et al. Cattle - Wikipedia [6] The differential expression of CCDC14 and ROPN1 have been related to beef traits57,58, whereas CPNE4 and SBF2 have been associated with growth traits in horse and cattle, respectively59,60. Marbling, or intramuscular fat, is the primary factor determining USDA Quality Grade, an indicator of the palatability factors of tenderness, juiciness, and flavor. S3). Rocha, D., Billerey, C., Samson, F., Boichard, D. & Boussaha, M. Identification of the putative ancestral allele of bovine single-nucleotide polymorphisms. PLoS One 4, e5350 (2009). MacHugh, D. E., Shriver, M. D., Loftus, R. T., Cunningham, P. & Bradley, D. G. Microsatellite DNA variation and the evolution, domestication and phylogeography of taurine and zebu cattle (Bos taurus and Bos indicus). Article When genetic types or breeds are compared for differences in cutability, it is assumed that the breeds have similar nutrition levels. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like animals with a four-compartment stomach, beef cattle known as European, beef cattle with Brahman influence and more. Genome Biol. Evol. Relative extended haplotype homozygosity signals across breeds reveal dairy and beef specific signatures of selection. Int. Size is discussed in Extension publication E-188, Texas Adapted Genetic Strategies for Beef CattleIII: Body Size and Milking Level. See Table1 for breed labels. Biol. Evol. One example are the geographically widespread Podolian cattle breeds22, whose name refers to their presumed origin in Moldova/Western Ukraine. Troy, C. D. et al. Assessment of adaptability of zebu cattle (Bos indicus) breeds in two different climatic conditions: using cytogenetic techniques on genome integrity. This pattern contrasts with the documented reduced effective population size within the highly managed European breeds, and with previously published microsatellite and sequence data from other Asian indicine breeds10,63. Sign up for the Nature Briefing: Translational Research newsletter top stories in biotechnology, drug discovery and pharma. ARSIA. Google Scholar. (A) Graphical representation of the chromosome painting results obtained using different combinations of reference populations of both taurine (red) and indicine (green) ancestry. Introgressed genomic portions are kept by selection if provide fitness enhancing variants. Beef Torus (Bos Taurus Taurus) refers to European cattle. Production suffers when cattle are not adapted to climatic conditions. Huson, D. H. & Bryant, D. Application of phylogenetic networks in evolutionary studies. Thank you for visiting nature.com. Randhawa, I. Cymbron, T., Freeman, A. R., Malheiro, M. I., Vigne, J. D. & Bradley, D. G. Microsatellite diversity suggests different histories for Mediterranean and Northern European cattle populations. For beef production, dairy types are used primarily to create early-maturing, high-milking females without increasing muscle. Google Scholar. PLoS One 13, e0192567 (2018). Zebu - Wikipedia CAS CAS The meat of mature or almost mature cattle is mostly known as beef . Bos indicus Linnaeus, 1758 - GBIF J. Archaeol. Lenstra, J. Nine LAI analyses were performed for each target population using as reference breeds all the possible pairwise combinations of one taurine breed among Hereford, Fleckvieh, and Brown Swiss, and one indicine breed among Tharparkar, Gir, and Lohani. The genome landscape of indigenous African cattle. 81, 55975 (2007). We investigated patterns of local ancestry in several cattle breeds from Central Italy using high-density genome-wide polymorphism data. Article A fundamental challenge in commercial beef production is to match genetic capability with climatic, nutritional, management, and market conditions. Di Lorenzo, P. et al. Cattle - Britannica It is therefore possible that these two distinct patterns are reflective of at least two different introduction events from the Near East. S4). 60, 115 (1977). Orengo, J. P., Ward, A. J. ISSN 2045-2322 (online). and P.A.-M. contributed to the writing of the manuscript. heifer pregnancy in Bos taurus cattle is near zero, but slightly positive (0.20) in Bos indicus breeds. However, our findings suggest USP10 as a putative candidate for specific investigations on the feed efficiency of ruminants. Universit Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Department of Animal Science Food and Nutrition DIANA, Nutrigenomics and Proteomics Research Centre PRONUTRIGEN, and Biodiversity and Ancient DNA Research Centre, Universit Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy, Mario Barbato,Marcello Del Corvo,Licia Colli,Riccardo Negrini&Paolo Ajmone-Marsan, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK, Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands, Maulik Upadhyay&Richard P. M. A. Crooijmans, Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden, You can also search for this author in Front. Keller, J. et al. 1, Supplementary Figs. What is beef cattle known as European? Because marbling relates somewhat to body fatness, especially in comparing breeds or types, there is usually a trade-off between Yield Grade and Quality Grade. Bos Indicus - Beef Cattle The indicine population recorded higher inbreeding values on average (0.300.39), with highest values found in Tharparkar (Table1). Marbling Data were phased using SHAPEIT v2.r79041. Genet. Cattle domestication occurred at least twice independently and gave rise to the modern taurine and indicine cattle breeds. Genet. - B Biochem. Biol. This documented admixture may explain the extensive shared ancestry of Chianina and Marchigiana at K=13, and the smaller component of Romagnola ancestry in Marchigiana (Supplementary Fig. Kijas, J. W., Hadfield, T., Naval Sanchez, M. & Cockett, N. Genome-wide association reveals the locus responsible for four-horned ruminant. Brahman Cattle - Breeds of Livestock VonHoldt, B. M. et al. While the CW-18 signal identified in the Central Italian cattle breeds might result from a separate migration route (e.g., via a sea migration from the eastern Mediterranean region ~3,000 YA as suggested by mitochondrial analysis, or following the silk road route 2,000 years later87,88), single admixture scenarios coupled with founder effects could also explain the obtained results. Bruford, M. W. et al. To reduce the possible bias due to productive trait selection, breeds selected for different productive purposes (milk, meat, and dual-purpose) were chosen. . Local ancestry inference relies on reference populations representative of the putative ancestral populations that contributed to the current genomic composition in the target genome. Clutton-Brock, J. Results for higher values of K are shown in Fig. Adaptive introgression from indicine cattle into white cattle breeds from Central Italy, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-57880-4. Deciphering the patterns of genetic admixture and diversity in southern European cattle using Genome-wide SNPs. 84, 34364 (2012). Five genes: USP10, CRISPLD2, ZDHHC7, KIAA0513, and FAM92B (Table2), were identified within the top 5% selection in all the three Central Italian cattle breeds. Reproductive Management of Bos indicus-Influenced Beef Cattle Delaneau, O., Marchini, J. Proc. African taurine recorded similar values (range 120175). Following the expansion of agriculture, taurine cattle colonized Europe, Asia and Africa, and reached Southern Europe around 8,000 YA12. As the genetic correlation between the MBV (or MVP) increases, the more valuable it Here, we used genomic data to partition the ancestry components of PO cattle and map loci implicated in birth weight. such as Texas longhorn cattle and a number of older European breeds. Using seven additional breeds from Italy, the Balkan area, and Iberia (Table1), we next performed additional CIWI analyses focused on the two main signals (CW-7 and CW-18) we identified using the BovineHD SNP panel (see above). Am. Bolormaa, S. et al. Indicine cattle are known to perform better than . Inbreeding values for European taurine ranged 0.17 (Piedmontese) to 0.34 (Hereford), similarly to the African breeds (0.170.31). Mamm. However, studies on human data led to the identification of Kelch family members as regulators of skeletal muscle development and function68. The subject of breeds intrigues most beef cattle producers. Animal, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731118001489 (2018). S1a and S2). Scientific Reports (Sci Rep) Seif, S. M., Johnson, H. D. & Lippincott, A. C. The effects of heat exposure (31C) on Zebu and Scottish Highland cattle. Bos Indicus. Our findingselucidate the key role of adaptive introgression in shaping the phenotypic features of modern cattle, aided by cultural and livestock exchange among historic human societies. Among the three, Chianina is the only breed with no available accounts of introgressive crossbreeding. Selection analysis confirmed that CW-18 harbours a selective sweep, hence we infer that the indicine-derived region CW-18 was favoured by positive selection, putatively allowing for more efficient consumption of poor quality fodder in Central Italian white cattle. Demography and rapid local adaptation shape Creole cattle genome diversity in the tropics. Google Scholar. The Bos indicus arose in south central Asia. The Bos indicus arose in south central Asia. Cite this article. 60, 173181 (2016). Our results suggest adaptive introgression of indicine-derived alleles into Central Italian white cattle breeds, possibly as the result of several gene flow events. McTavish, E. J. The GenElute Mammalian Genomic DNA Miniprep Kit (Sigma-Aldrich) was used for total DNA extraction following the manufacturers instructions. Pieragostini, E., Scaloni, A., Rullo, R. & Di Luccia, A. Easy-fleshing cattle tolerate periods of nutritional energy deficiency more easily and, therefore, may reproduce more consistently, but they also over fatten more readily in the feedyard unless properly managed. Worldwide Patterns of Ancestry, Divergence, and Admixture in Domesticated Cattle. 23, 914 (1979). Cavalli-Sforza, L. L., Luigi, L., Menozzi, P. & Piazza, A. Local ancestry signals of indicine introgression into taurine cattle breeds, identified from chromosome painting, and identified Consistently Introgressed Windows of Interest (CIWIs) on BTA18. A genomic map of climate adaptation in Mediterranean cattle breeds. Although higher milking females, even large ones, often reach puberty and conceive when relatively young, subsequent fertility can suffer because they may become thin after beginning lactation.

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